Butrint

IButrint is one of Albania’s most treasured archaeological sites, a place where history, mythology, and nature converge. Located in southern Albania near the Ionian Sea, Butrint sits on a small peninsula surrounded by the tranquil waters of Lake Butrint and the Vivari Channel. This ancient city has been a crossroads of civilizations for over 2,500 years and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Origins and Antiquity

The history of Butrint dates back to the 12th century BC, during the Late Bronze Age, when it is believed to have been founded as a small settlement. Mythology links its origin to the Trojan War: Virgil’s Aeneid recounts that Butrint was established by Trojan exiles led by Helenus, the son of King Priam of Troy. Its name is thought to derive from the Greek "Bouthrotos," meaning “wounded bull,” tied to an ancient legend about a bull sacrificed on the site.

By the 8th century BC, Butrint became a Greek colony under the control of the Chaonian tribe and was part of the greater Epirote League. It grew into a significant port and cultural hub in the region, with evidence of impressive structures like a theater, sanctuaries, and public buildings that flourished during the Hellenistic period.

The Roman Era

In 167 BC, Butrint came under Roman control following the Roman conquest of Epirus. During the Roman period, Butrint reached its peak prosperity as a vital part of the Roman Empire. In the 1st century BC, Julius Caesar established a colony there for veterans, and later, Augustus expanded its settlement. Notable structures from this era include the Roman theater, baths, an aqueduct, and luxurious villas with intricate mosaics.

Butrint also became a significant center for early Christianity in the region. The city boasts remarkable remains from this period, such as the Great Basilica (6th century AD) and a beautiful baptistery, renowned for its exquisite mosaic floors depicting Christian symbols.

The Byzantine and Venetian Periods

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Butrint became part of the Byzantine Empire. Its strategic position made it an important religious and administrative center. During the Byzantine era, fortifications were strengthened, including the construction of a castle and walls that still stand today.

In the 14th century, Butrint fell under the rule of the Republic of Venice. The Venetians fortified the city further to protect it from invasions and raids, adding features like the Venetian tower and modifying the castle. However, Butrint began to decline as nearby marshlands expanded, making the area less habitable.

The Ottoman Period and Abandonment

In the late 15th century, Butrint came under Ottoman control, but by this time, the city had already begun to lose its importance. Swamps and malaria drove its population away, and by the 19th century, Butrint was largely abandoned, left as a ghost town surrounded by wilderness.

Rediscovery and UNESCO Recognition

Systematic excavations of Butrint began in the 1920s, led by Italian archaeologist Luigi Maria Ugolini. His work uncovered much of the city’s Roman and Byzantine history. Later excavations by Albanian and international teams continued to reveal its rich layers of history.

In 1992, Butrint was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its archaeological significance and breathtaking natural setting. The site was further protected as part of the Butrint National Park, established in 2000, which covers 94 square kilometers and includes wetlands, forests, and ancient ruins.

Today

Butrint is one of the most visited attractions in Albania, offering visitors a journey through millennia of history. Highlights include the ancient theater, the Lion Gate, the baptistery mosaics, and the Venetian fortress, all set against the stunning backdrop of the Ionian coast and lush natural landscapes.

Butrint stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of human civilization and the harmonious relationship between culture and nature. It is a place where the past comes alive, inviting exploration and awe.